General Studies-III & 2nd

What is Ozone Gas and How it helps the animals and plant’s life. And also discuss the cause of Ozone gas depletion?

Answer- 

Its Formula is O3, It is very harmful gas for humans and if it is created in troposphere by human activities it is termed as bad ozone gas, and if it is found in Stratosphere it is called Good Ozone because it protect us from harmful Ultraviolet Radiations.

The Ozone gas depletion is caused by Various man made gases such as - chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform. There is small hole in the Ozone layer in the Antarctica region in South Pole. To prevent Ozone layer an Protocol was signed by many countries known as Montreal Protocol.

The Ozone layer absorbs about 97 to 99% of ultraviolet rays and maintain the ozone-oxygen cycle.

Dobson unit is a unit which is used to measure the ozone in the atmosphere at a standard temperature and pressure.

Montreal protocol:

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was designed to reduce the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances in order to reduce their abundance in the atmosphere, and thereby protect the earth’s fragile ozone Layer. The original Montreal Protocol was agreed on 16 September 1987 and entered into force on 1 January 1989.

Man Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM)

First successful trials of indigenously developed third generation Man Portable Anti-Tank Guided Missile (MPATGM) is Carried by DRDO.

Fitted with a high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead, the MPATGM reportedly boasts a top attack capability and has a maximum engagement range of about 2.5 kilometers.

Two U.K. satellites  launched by ISRO launches

ISROs PSLV-C42 lifted off for the launch of two satellites from the United Kingdom – NovaSAR and S1-4 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. 

NovaSAR is intended to be used for forest mapping, land use and ice cover monitoring, flood and disaster monitoring.

 S1-4 will be used for surveying resources, environment monitoring, urban management and disaster monitoring.

The commercial arm of ISRO, Antrix Corporation.

General Studies- II , 17/09/2018

Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS)

It was launched in December, 1993, to provide a mechanism for the Members of Parliament to recommend works of developmental nature for creation of durable community assets and for provision of basic facilities including community infrastructure, based on locally felt needs.

The Lok Sabha Members can recommend works in their respective constituencies. The elected members of the Rajya Sabha can recommend works anywhere in the state from which they are elected. Nominated members of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha may select works for implementation anywhere in the country.

General Studies-I , 17/09/2018

‘Swachhata Hi Seva’ movement

Government launched ‘Swachhata Hi Seva Movement’September 15, 2018.

As we all know that Mahatma Gandhi’s dream was clean and cure India. He also insisted in various ways to clean India not only for the sake of cleanliness but also for better life.

Today it is very important to set a goal and also discuss the various effects of clean India , we also need to motivate our youth for this nationalist movement.

What is campaign?

Swachhata Hi Seva campaign Coordinated by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, the convening Ministry for the Swachh Bharat Mission.

This year on 2 October there will be completion of 150 year of mahatma Gandhi birth anniversary. So we should join hands together to spread about Sanitation and also help to achieve India’s target of Open Defecation free India.

Many celebrities Such as Mr. Amitabh Bacchan , Ratan tata and Sadguru came ahead to contribute in this Unique Programme.

One thing is very important , that every Indians should Contributes in this work, earlier it was tradition that a special cast people will clean and upper cast people will not participate in Sanitation. This type of notion need to be change, other bad traditions need to abolish which are hindrance in the path of Cleaning Motherland.

What was background ?

Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is a campaign which was launched on 2 October 2014, and aims to eradicate open defecation by 2019, and is a national campaign, covering 4,041 statutory cities and towns. Its predecessors were the “Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan” and before that the “Total Sanitation Campaign”. The mission was divided into two parts — urban and rural.

Important Research Centers in India City Wise

Uttar Pradesh

Lucknow-

Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

Central Drug Research Institute

Industrial Toxicology Research Institute

Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI)

Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences

Kanpur

Indian Institute of Pulses Research (1983)

National Sugar Institute

Allahabad

Harish Chandra Research Institute (HRI)

Bareilly

Indian Veterinary Research Institute

Rae Bareli

Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology

Bhadohi

Indian Institute of Carpet Technology

Noida

National Institute of Open Schooling

Madhya Pradesh

Bhopal

Indian Institute of Soil Science

Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering

Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM) (1982)

Gwalior

Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management

Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education (LNIPE)

Maharashtra

Pune 

National Institute of Virology

Nagpur

National environmental engineering research institute

Mumbai

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research

Uttarakhand

Nainital

Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES)

Dehradun

Indian Institute of Petroleum

Central Forest Research Institute

West Bengal

Kolkata

School of Tropical Medicine

Central Jute Technological Research Institute

Indian Institute of Chemical Biology

Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute

Andhra Pradesh

Rajamundry

Central Tobacco Research Institute

Telangana 

Hyderabad 

Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology



Gujarat

Bhavnagar

Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute

Odisha

Cuttack

Central Rice Research Institute

Haryana

Hissar 

Cattle breeding Institute

Karnal 

National Dairy Research Institute

Karnataka 

Bengaluru

National Tuberculosis Institute

Raman Research centre

National Aeronautical Laboratory

Mysore 

Central Food Technological Research Institute

Jharkhand

Dhanbad 

Central Fuel Research Institute

Central Mining Research Institute

Ranchi

The Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums (Indian Lac Research Institute)

Tamil Nadu

Chengalpattu

Central Leprosy Training and Research Institute

Chennai

Central Leather Research Institute

Karaikudi

Central Electro-Chemical Research Institute

Himachal Pradesh

Shimla

Central Potato Research Institute

Kerala

Thiruvananthapuram 

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre

New Delhi

All India Malaria Research Institute

Central Road Research Institute

Vallabhai Patel Chest Institute

National Institute of Communicable Diseases

Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI)

 Central Institute of Educational Technology

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute

Indian Institute of Ecology and Environment

Institute for Studies in Industrial Development

Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga

National Academy of Agricultural Sciences

National Defense College of India

National Institute of Disaster Management

National Institute of Science Communication and 

Information Resources (NISCAIR)

V. V. Giri National Labour Institute

Some Important Branches Related to Medical Science.

Father of Medicine – Hippocrates

Cytology

The Study of  structure and function of cells.

Toxicology

It  Concerns with the nature and effects and treatments of poisons.

Nephrology

The study of the kidneys.

Gastroenterology

Study of  gastrointestinal tract and its diseases

Andrology

study of males (usually pertaining to diseases)

Endocrinology

the branch of medicine dealing with the endocrine glands and their secretions

Dermatology

the branch of Science Which deals with the skin and its diseases

Hepatology

the study of the liver

Gynecology

It deals with the diseases and hygiene of women, reproductive organ health.

Pediatrics

It deals with the treatment of infants and children

Psychiatry

It deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders

Podiatry

It concerned with the feet.

Pathology

It Concerns with the causes and nature and effects of diseases.

Serology

It deals with serums.

Ophthalmology

It deals with with the eye and its diseases.

Oncology

the study and treatment of tumors. Cancer.

Gerontology

It deals with diseases and problems specific to old people.

Obstetrics

It deals  with childbirth and care of the mother.

Epidemology

It studies the causes of diseases.

Physiology

Study of  and dealing with the functioning of organisms

Histology

Study of  microscopic structure of animal or plant tissues

चिकित्सा के पिता -  हिप्पोक्रेट्स

कोशिका विज्ञान

कोशिकाओं का संरचना और कार्य का अध्ययन।

ज़हरज्ञान

यह जहर की प्रकृति और प्रभाव और उपचार 

नेफ्रोलॉजी

गुर्दे का अध्ययन।

गैस्ट्रोएंटरोलॉजी

जठरांत्र संबंधी मार्ग और उसके रोगों का अध्ययन

Andrology

पुरुषों का अध्ययन (आमतौर पर बीमारियों से संबंधित)

अंतःस्त्राविका

अंतःस्रावी ग्रंथियों का अध्ययन

त्वचा विज्ञान

विज्ञान की शाखा जो त्वचा और उसके रोगों से संबंधित है

हीपैटोलॉजी

जिगर का अध्ययन

प्रसूतिशास्र

यह महिलाओं के रोगों और स्वच्छता, प्रजनन अंग स्वास्थ्य से संबंधित है।

(Pediatrics )बच्चों की दवा करने की विद्या

यह शिशुओं और बच्चों के उपचार से संबंधित है

 (Psychiatry) मानसिक रोगों की चिकित्सा

यह मानसिक विकारों के निदान और उपचार से संबंधित है

 (Podiatry )पादचिकित्सा

इसका संबंध पैरों से है।

विकृति विज्ञान

यह रोगों के कारणों और प्रकृति और प्रभावों से संबंधित है।

सीरम विज्ञान

यह सीरम से संबंधित है।

Ophthalmology
नेत्र विज्ञान 

यह आंख और उसके रोगों से संबंधित है।

Oncology कैंसर विज्ञान

ट्यूमर का अध्ययन और उपचार। कैंसर।

Gerontology वृद्धावस्था

यह पुराने लोगों के लिए विशिष्ट बीमारियों और समस्याओं से संबंधित है।

Obstetrics

यह प्रसव और मां की देखभाल से संबंधित है।

Epidemology

यह रोगों के कारणों का अध्ययन करता है।

फिजियोलॉजी

जीवों के कामकाज का अध्ययन और व्यवहार

Histology

पशु या पौधों के ऊतकों की सूक्ष्म संरचना का अध्ययन  

Vyas Samman

Vyas Samman

The Vyas Samman is a literary award in India, first awarded in 1991. It is awarded annually by the K.K. Birla Foundation to outstanding literary work in Hindi authored and publish in past 10 years by an Indian citizen. 

Famous Poet Ram Vilas Sharma was the first recipient in 1991. Vyas Samman is second highest literary award after Jnanpith Award in India.

2017 Mamta Kalia        Sukkham Dukkham (Novel) (27^th )

Radio waves

Radio waves 

Radio waves are a kind of electromagnetic radiation, and thus they move at the speed of light. 

Speed of ultraviolet rays , speed of infrared light , speed of microwave are similar to speed  of light.

Solid CO2 is used in Stage Dance Clouds as gas.

Cusec - Cusec is a measure of flow rate and is informal shorthand for "cubic feet per second"

Beaufort scale- The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale

Panamanian termite  the fastest animal strike on land .