Showing posts with label Gk. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gk. Show all posts

Monday, 14 October 2019

GALLANTRY AWARDS वीरता पुरस्कार

gallantry awards वीरता पुरस्कार

Image result for gallantry awards modi

Post-independence, the first three gallantry awards namely the Param Vir Chakra, the Maha Vir Chakra, and the Vir Chakra was instituted by the Government of India on 26th January 1950 which were deemed to have effect from the 15th August 1947.
Thereafter, the other three gallantry awards i.e. the Ashoka Chakra Class-I, the Ashoka Chakra Class-II and the Ashoka Chakra Class-III were instituted by the Government of India on 4th January 1952, which were deemed to have effect from the 15th August 1947. These awards were renamed as the Ashoka Chakra, the Kirti Chakra and the Shaurya Chakra respectively in January 1967.
These gallantry awards are announced twice in a year - first on the occasion of the Republic Day and then on the occasion of Independence Day.

Wartime gallantry awards
Param Vir Chakra — Highest the military award, equivalent to the Victoria Cross (which was replaced once India gained its independence).
Maha Vir Chakra – Maha Vir Chakra is the second-highest military decoration in India and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea, or in the air.
Vir Chakra – Third in precedence in the awards for wartime gallantry.

Peacetime gallantry awards

Ashoka Chakra – An Indian military decoration awarded for valor, courageous action, or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. It is the peacetime equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra.
Kirti Chakra – Second in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards.
Shaurya Chakra – Third in order of precedence of peacetime gallantry awards.

Image result for Major Som Nath Sharma
ü Major Som Nath Sharma was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra. the highest Indian gallantry award.


पुरस्कार के बारे में
स्वतंत्रता के बाद, पहले तीन वीरता पुरस्कारों जैसे परम वीर चक्र, महावीर चक्र और वीर चक्र को भारत सरकार द्वारा 26 जनवरी, 1950 को स्थापित किया गया था, जिन्हें 15 अगस्त, 1947 से प्रभावी माना गया था।

तत्पश्चात, अन्य तीन वीरता पुरस्कारों अर्थात अशोक चक्र वर्ग- I, अशोक चक्र वर्ग- II और अशोक चक्र वर्ग- III को भारत सरकार द्वारा 4 जनवरी, 1952 को स्थापित किया गया, जिन्हें 15 अगस्त से प्रभावी माना गया। , 1947. इन पुरस्कारों को जनवरी 1967 में क्रमशः अशोक चक्र, कीर्ति चक्र और शौर्य चक्र के रूप में नाम दिया गया।

इन वीरता पुरस्कारों की घोषणा साल में दो बार की जाती है - पहले गणतंत्र दिवस के अवसर पर

 और फिर

स्वतंत्रता दिवस के अवसर पर।

इन पुरस्कारों की पूर्वता का क्रम-

युद्धकालीन वीरता पुरस्कार

परमवीर चक्र - सबसे बड़ा सैन्य पुरस्कार, विक्टोरिया क्रॉस के बराबर (जिसे एक बार भारत ने अपनी स्वतंत्रता प्राप्त कर ली थी) के बराबर।
महा वीर चक्र - महा वीर चक्र भारत में दूसरा सबसे बड़ा सैन्य अलंकरण है और इसे दुश्मन की उपस्थिति में, चाहे वह जमीन पर हो, समुद्र में या हवा में, वीरता के कार्यों के लिए सम्मानित किया जाता है।
वीर चक्र - युद्ध वीरता के लिए पुरस्कारों में पूर्ववर्ती तीसरा।

पीकटाइम वीरता पुरस्कार
अशोक चक्र – युद्ध के मैदान से दूर वीरता, साहसी कार्रवाई या आत्म-बलिदान के लिए सम्मानित
 एक भारतीय सैन्य सजावट। यह परमवीर चक्र के समतुल्य है।
कीर्ति चक्र - द्वितीय आदमकद वीरता पुरस्कारों की पूर्वता के क्रम में।
शौर्य चक्र - पीकटाइम वीरता पुरस्कारों की पूर्वता के क्रम में तीसरा।

Image result for gallantry awards

Friday, 20 September 2019

Important Cups and Trophies (महत्वपूर्ण कप और ट्राफियां)

Hockey

Aga Khan Cup
Beighton Cup
Dhyan Chand Trophy
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Gold Cup
Murugappa Gold Cup
Nehru Trophy
Azlan Cup
Bombay Gold Cup
Champions trophy
Rangeshwari Cup
Scindia Gold Cup
Lady Ratan Tata Trophy - Hockey (Women)

Cricket :
Asia Cup
Ashes Cup
C.K. Naidu Trophy
Deodhar Trophy
 Duleep Trophy
 Gavaskar Border Trophy
 G.D. Birla Trophy
 Gillette Cup
 ICC World Cup
 Irani Trophy
 Jawharlal Nehru Cup
 Rani Jhansi Trophy
 Ranji Trophy
 Rohinton
 Sahara Cup
 Singer Cup
 Titan Cup
 Vijay Hazare Trophy
 Vijay Merchant Trophy
 Wisden Trophy

Football :
 Merdeka Cup
Rovers Cup
 Bandodkar Trophy
 Confederation cup
 Durand Cup
 Rovers Cup
 B.C. Raj Trophy (National Championship)
 FIFA world Cup
 Jules Rimet Trophy
 Kalinga Cup
 Santosh Trophy
 IFA Shield
 Scissor Cup
 Subroto Cup
 Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee Trophy
 Todd Memorial Trophy
 Vittal Trophy
 UEFA Champions League

Badminton :
Uber Cup - World Badminton (Women)
Thomas Cup - World Badminton (Men)
Yonex Cup
 Amrit Diwan Cup
 European Cup
 Harilela Cup
 Ibrahim Rahimatillah Challenger Cup
 Konica Cup
 Sophia Cup
 Kitiakara Cup
 Malaysian Open

Lawn Tennis 
 Davis Cup
 Australian Open
 French Open
 Wimbledon
 US Open
 Heineken Cup

Horse Racing :
Derby

Golf
Ryder Cup
Walker Cup

Polo
Ezar Cup
Radha Mohan Cup
Prithi Pal Singh Cup

Saturday, 13 April 2019

ABBREVIATIONS



ASEAN- Association of South East Asian Nations

ASER -Annual Status of Education Report

ATM Automated Teller Machine

AMFI Association of Mutual Fund in India.

APBS Aadhaar Payment Bridge System

ADF Automated Data Flow

ADB Asian Development Bank

BACS Banking Automated Clearing System, Access Control Server

ARC Asset Reconstruction Companies

AIF Alternative Investment Fund

BSE Bombay Stock Exchange

BIRD Bankers Institute of Rural Development.

BIS Bank for International Settlements.

BPLR Benchmark Prime Lending Rate.

BPCL- Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited

BRICS -Brazil, Russia, India, China and South
Africa   

CCIL Clearing Corporation of India Limited

CPFF Commercial Paper Funding Facility

CAR Capital Adequacy Ratio

CRR Cash Reserve Ratio

CARE Credit Analysis and Research Limited

CPI Consumer Price Index

CBS Core Banking Solutions

CRISIL Credit Rating Information Services Of India

CIBIL Credit Information Bureau of India Limited.

CAD- Current Account Deficit

CAG- Comptroller and Auditor General of India

CAGR -Compound Annual Growth Rate

CBR- Cultivated Biological Resources

CFPI -Consumer Food Price Index
CIRP -Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process

CLSS -Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme

CoC -Committee of Creditors

COP -Conference of Parties

CPI -Consumer Price Index
CRAR- Capital to Risk-weighted Asset Ratio
CSO -Central Statistics Office
DARE -Department of Agricultural Research and
Education
DGFT Directorate General of Foreign Trade

DIPAM Department of Investment and public
Asset Management

DIPP Department of Industrial Policy and
Promotion

DISCOMS Distribution Companies

DSIR Department of Scientific & Industrial
Research

DTA Domestic Tariff Area

EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
EFTA European Free Trade Association

EIB- European Investment Bank

e-NAM -Electronic National Agriculture Market
ETF- Exchange Traded Fund

EU -European Union
FAO- Food & Agriculture Organisation

FC -Financial Creditor

FCI -Food Corporation of India

FDI -Foreign Direct Investment

FEEs -Foreign Exchange Earnings
GCC- Gulf Cooperation Council

GCCA- Grants for creation of capital assets

GCF- Gross Capital Formation

GDP- Gross Domestic Product

GFCE -Government Final Consumption Expenditure

GII- Global Innovation Index

GNI -Gross National Income

GNPA -Gross Non-Performing Advances

GPI -Gender Parity Index

GSDP -Gross State Domestic Product

GST- Goods and Services Tax

GT- Gross Tonnage

GVA -Gross Value Added

GW- Gigawatt

HFCs -Housing Finance Companies

HFCs- Hydrofluorocarbons

HPCL- Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited

HPI- Housing Price Index

HYVs- High Yielding Varieties

IBC-Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code

ICAR -Indian Council of Agricultural Research

IGS- The International Ground Station

IGST- Integrated Goods and Services Tax

IMF- International Monetary Fund

IPO- Indian Patent Office

IPP- Intellectual Property Products

IPR- Intellectual Property Rights

KCC-Kisan Credit Card

KWh -Kilowatt Hour

LAF -Liquidity Adjustment Facility

LEB Life Expectancy at Birth

LED- Light-Emitting Diode

LPI -Logistics Performance Index

MMR -Maternal Mortality Ratio

MPC- Monetary Policy Committee

MSF -Marginal Standing Facility

MSME -Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises

MSP -Minimum Support Price

MSS -Market Stabilisation Scheme

MT Metric Tonne

MW Megawatt

NABARD -National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development

NAREDCO -National Real Estate Development Council

NAS -National Accounts Statistics

NBFC -Non-Banking Financial Company

NBFCs- Non-Banking Financial Companies

NCDs -Non-Convertible Debentures

NCLT -National Company Law Tribunal

NCT -National Capital Territory

NCW- National Commission for Women

NDTL- Net Demand and Time Liabilities

NFC- Non Food Credit

NFSA- National Food Security Act

NHA- National Health Accounts

NHB-National Housing Bank

NHDP- National Highways Development Project

NICRA- National Innovations on Climate Resilient
Agriculture

NITI -National Institution for Transforming India

NPAs -Non-Performing Assets

NSDC- National Skill Development Council

NSSO -National Sample Survey Office

ODF -Open Defecation Free

OMSS -Open Market Sale Scheme

PDS- Public Distribution System

PE -Private Equity

PFCE -Private Final Consumption Expenditure

PMAY- Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

PMFBY- Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana

PMI-Purchasing Manager’s Index

PMKSY -Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana

PPI -Producer Price Index

PSBs -Public Sector Banks

PSE -Public Sector Enterprise

PSF -Price Stabilization Fund

QFI- Qualified Foreign Investor

REITs- Real Estate Investment Trusts

RGI -Registrar General of India

RMSA- Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan

RRBs- Regional Rural Banks

RRR- Reverse Repo Rate

RSA -Restructured Standard Advances

SBM(G)- Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin)

SCB -Scheduled Commercial Bank

SDG-Sustainable Development Goal

SDGs -Sustainable Development Goals

SDR- Special Drawing Rights

SEBI -Securities and Exchange Board of India

SEIS -Services Exports from India Scheme

SGST- State Goods and Services Tax

SHG-Self Help Group

SLR -Statutory Liquidity Ratio

SRR- Seed Replacement Rate

SSA -Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan

TAN -Tax Deduction Account Number

TB -Treasury Bill

TPDS -Targeted Public Distribution System

TRAI -Telecom Regulatory Authority of India

UDAY- Ujjwal Discom Assurance Yojna

UNCTAD- United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development

UNDP -United Nations Development Programme

UNESCO -United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization

WPI Wholesale Price Index

WTO World Trade Organization

TIN  Tax Information Network/Telephone Identification Number.

UIDAI Unique Identification Development Authority of India

UPI United Payment Interface.

SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication.

SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India.

RTGS Real Time Gross Settlement.

PSB Public Sector Bank.

MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition.

MSF Marginal Standing Facility.

NEFT National Electronic Fund Transfer.

NPA Non-Performing Assets.

NPCI National Payments Corporation of India.

PIN Personal Identification Number.

IFSC Indian Financial System Code

IMPS Immediate Payment Service

IPO Initial Public Offering

KYC Know Your Customer

LIBOR London Inter-Bank Offered Rate.

ICRA Indian Credit Rating Agency.

IRBI Industrial Reconstruction Bank Of India

IPPB India Post Payments Bank

ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India

IBA Indian Bank Associations.

HDFC Housing Development Finance Corporation

GSTN Goods and Services Tax Network

GAAR General Anti Avoidance Rule

DTAA Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement.

EPFO Employees’ Provident Fund Organization

EFT Electronic Fund Transfer

EMI Equated Monthly Installments

FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act

FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act

FPI: Foreign Portfolio Investment.

IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

RIDF Rural Infrastructure Development Fund