Showing posts with label Gk. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Gk. Show all posts

Friday 23 September 2016

Some important Gk Notes

Gautam buddha passed away at the age of 80 in 483 BC at Kushinagar after eating pork at the house of Chunda.
Rishabhdeva is believed to be the first teerthankar also known as Adinath.
23rd teerthankar was Parsvanath was the son of Ikshvahu king Aswasena of Kashi.
Rishabhdeva incarnation of Narayana by Vayupuran & Bhagwat puran.
540 BC Vardhamana Mahavira was born in the village of Kundagram near Vaishali. At the age of 42 he attained Kaivalya: the supreme knowledge hence he was called Kavlin. He sat under sal tree on the bank of river Riju Palik or Rijukala in Jambhika gram near Vaishali for the attainment of Kaivalya.
In 483 BC he died at the age of 72 at Pawapuri.
2350 – 1750 BC – The Indus Valley Civilization
1500 – 600 BC – The Vedic Age
1500 – 1000 BC – Rig Veda
Mandal III contains Gayatri Mantra which was compiled in the praise of sun God Savitri.
Mandal IX is dedicated to Soma God, the Lord of Plants.
After 600 BC is called Sutra period.
Indra who is called Purandar (breaker of forts) most important divinity in the Early Vedic Aryans.
In later Vedic period iron introduced and known as Shyam ayas & Copper was known as Lohit ayas.
563 BC – Siddhartha was born in a Shakya Kshatriya family in Lumbini near Kapilvastu got enlightment at the age of 35 at Bodh Gaya under a pipal tree on the Bank of river Nilanjana. He delivered his first cermon to his five disciples at “Deer Park in Sarnath”. This is known as “Setting in motion the Wheel of Law”
1817-1905- Devendra Nath Tagore
1839 DN Tagore founded Tatwabodhini Sabha
1843 DN Tagore founded Tatwabodhini Patrika
1838 – 1884 – Keshav Chandra Sen
1855 He founded evening school for children & working  men.
1859 Establishment of Sangat Sabha.
1861 Journal Indian Mirror
1866 Member of Brahma Samaj
1809-1831 – Young Bengal Movement started by Henry Vivian Derozai
1828 Appointed as teacher of English Literature & History at the new “Hindu College” at the age of 17.
1867 Prathna Samaj founded by Atmaram Pandurang
1827-1890 – Jyothibha Phule (Mahatma)
1873 Formed Satya Shodak Samaj
1854 Opened a school for untouchables & private orphage to help widows.
1864 Ved Samaj Established by K. Sridharalu Naidu in Madras
1871 Change Ved Samaj to Brahma Samaj of Southern India.
1824 – 1883 – Dayanand Saraswati (Mula Shankar)
7 April 1875 – D Saraswati founded Arya Smaj in Bombay later at Lahore
Dayanand Saraswati - Satyartha Prakash (Sanskrit) gave slogen “Go Back to Vedas”
1863 – 1902 – Swami Vivekanand
1893 – Vivekanand Went to America & attend world Parliament of religious at Chicago
1887 – Vivekanand Established Ramkrishan Mission (Belur)
1987 – Consumer Protects acts starts
22 May 1545 – Death of Shershah Suri
1986 – Est. of Bharti Samman given by UP government.
2006 – International year of biodiversity
24 Aug 1947 – Drafting Committee organised
8 Feb 1948 – Drafting Committee prepared draft of constitution and give it to President of Constituent Assembly
2006 – International year of biodiversity
1580 – Akbar Starts Dahshala system
11 May 2000 – National Population Organisation est.
21 APR 1895 – First time film projector published invented by Lumere Brother

Nov – 1930 to Jan – 1931  First round table conference (Lord Irwin) 89 persons participated
5 March 1931 Gandhi Irwin Pact
7 Sep – Dec 1931 Second round table conference (Lord Wellington) Gandhi represented – INC/Sarojini Naidu-Indian women
16 Aug 1932 Communal Award made by British PM Ramsay Macdonald
24 Sept. 1932 Poona Pact (Agreement between Dr. Ambedkar & Gandhiji
17 Nov – 24 Dec 1932 Third round table conference only 46 delegates were present
1934 Congress Socialist Party Acharya Narendra Dev first president & Jaiprakash Narayan General Secratery.
8 Aug. 1940 August Offer (Lord Linlithgo)
17 Oct. 1940 Individual Satyagrah started by Vinobha Bhave & become the first Satyagrahi
23 March 1942 Cripps Mission to secure full Indian cooperation & suport for their efforts in the Second world war  Gandhiji called it Post-Dated-Cheque
8 Aug 1942 Quit India Movement resolution pased in Bombay
24 March 1946 – Cabinet Mission (Transfer of power from Birtain to India) Viceroy – Lord Wavell
20 Feb 1947 – Attlee Declaration PM of Britain declared on Feb 20, 1947 that India would be given complete Independence before 30 June 1948
3 June 1947 – Declaration that India should be divided into two states
1772-1833 – Raja Ram Mohan Roy (Father of Modern India) (Father of Bengal Renissance)
1809 – Published Persian book “Tuhfat Ul Muwah hidin” (git to Monotheists) founded Atmiya Sabha
1820 AD – Raja Ram Mohan Roy Published percepts of Jesus (The guide to peace &happiness)\
1828 – RRMR Est. Brahma Samaj
Dec 1821 – RRM Roy lauched Bengali weekly “Sabad Kaumudi” first Indian newspaper edited, published & managed by Indians another weekly in Persian – “Mirat ul Akhbar”
1830 – Went to England as an envoy of Mughal Emperor Akbar Shah II who game him title of “Raja” to the court of King William IV
27 Sep 1833 – Death in Bristol
1951 First IIT Established at Kharagpur
1956 University Grant Commission established
1976 Constitutional Amendment to make Education in Concurrent list rather than State
1985 Establishment of IGNOU by parliament act
1986 New Education Policy
1995 Midday meal in primary schools
2001 To provide quality primary education all over and ease of getting primary education starting of “सर्व शिक्षा अभियान”
2004 Edusat satellite lauched for education
2009 After 86 amendment Indian parliament allow to give compulsory education to children right
1965 In J&K designation ‘Sadar-A-Riyasat’ changed to Governor
1489 Yusuf Adilshah established Bijapur as an independent state
26 Dec 1925 Indian communist pary established
1964 Indian communist party (Markswadi) established
2005 Man Booker International Prize starts
1902 – First Hydroelectricity powerplant set up at Shiva Sundaram (Karnataka)
1975 – Est. of NHPC (National hydro electricity power corp.)
1948 – Atomic energy commission (AEC) was est. Dr. Homi Jahagir Bhabha Father of atomic energy
1969 – India’s first Nuclear power reactor est. at Tarapur
14 March 1995 starting of International channel of Doordarshan
8 June 2011 National Rural Employment Mission
1945 – Shimla pact at the time of Lord Vevel
1966 – Logo of Commonwealth games start
1952 – Filmfare Prize starts
1955 – Untouchability Penal Act
1857 – VD Savarkar India war of Independence
3 June 1947 – British government declare Dividation of India
26 January 1950 – National Sign of India Four faced Lion adopted
March 1944 – Indian National Army attacked on Imphal (Manipur) captured it and hoist flag
2010 – Right to Education 86th amendment
4 Apr 1949 Foundation of NATO
8 Aug 1967 – Est. of ASEAN
1966 – Est. of ADB
1 July – Child Protection Day
1808 – Slave tradition restricted in America
28 July – Poor Day
5 June – Smagra Kranti Diwas
1955 – राजभाषा आयोग का गठन
2 Sep 1959 -  पंचायती राज अधिनियम पारित किया गया
1861 – Indian Mirror Newspaper published by Keshav Chandra Sen
15 sep 1959 – Starting of Television in India
17 Oct 1981 – Practically in India colour TV tested
1424 – First illustration of Hindi as language in the novel of Sharfuddin – “Zafarnama”
1962 – First heavy water plant was set up at Baroda
1975 – India’s first satellite Aryabhatta was launched
1815 – Battle of waterloo
1940 – First Aircraft industry set up at Bangalore
1942 – Aircraft industry Taken by Government
1964 – Aircraft industry merged into Aernautics India Ltd. to form Hindustan Aerronautic Ltd. (HAL) Banglore
1906 – First factory to manufacture Nitrogenous fertilizers was established at Ranikhet (Tamil Nadu)
25 Dec 2000 – Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana lauched by Ministry of rural Development
1950 – Indian Railway Nationalised
1893 – First Railway foundry was set up at Jamalpur (Bihar)
1895 – First locomotive built with old parts at Ajmer workshop
1899 – Lady Curzon was first locomotive built in India at Ajmer
26 Jan 1950 – Chittaranjan locomotive works built first steam engine, Deshbandhu
1952 – TELCO begins production of BG Locomotives
1961 – CLW made first 1500 DC electric locomotive Lokmanya
1986 – India’s Internal waterway Authroity est. HQ Kolkata
1984 – First underground railway (Metro Railway) started
1988 – Shatabdi express started
23 March 1957 – By the recommendation of PM Nehru Gregarian Calender accepted at National calender
1893 – Swami Vivekanand delivered his speech in world religion conference
1957 – Est. of Panchayti Rajya system under Balbant Rai Mehta Committee report
1985 – The political parties got the constitutional recognition for the first time
1539 – Gurunanak died at Kabirpur
1659 – Ruler of Bijapur Adil Shaj sent his Army Commander Afzal Khan to kill Shivaji
1660 – Aurangjeb sent Sahista khan to defeat Shivaji
1664 – First time Surat plundered
30 oct 1670 – Shivaji plunder Surat second time
1666 – Shivaji get free from Mughal capitativity
1674 – Benarus Pandit Gangabhatt does Rajtilak of Shivaji at Raigarh
1680 – Shivaji died at Raigarh
1707 – Kheda war (Tarabai & Shahuji)
1761 – Third Battle of Paniphat between Maratha & Afghans
1756 – Black hole event takes place at the time of Sirajudaulla
23 June 1757 – Plassey war between (Britishers & Sirajudaulla)
22 Oct 1964 – Mir kasim with mughal ruler Shah Alam II & Nawab of Awadh Sujaudaula fought Battle of Buxar
1809 – Amritsar pact Maharaja Ranjit singh does with Lord Minto
322 BC – Chandragupta Maurya Usurped the throne of Magadha
III century BC – Ashok reign
1991 – Life line express started
1987 – A Programme for the conservation of Mangroves in India is run by the Ministry of Environment since 1987
1921 – The growth rate was negative in census year of demographic divide
1971 – The growth rate was maximum in census
1818 – First cotton textile mill started at fort gloster near Calcutta
1854 – First modern cotton textile mill est in Bombay “Bombay Spinning & Weaving Co.”
1876 – First Woolen Textile mill est. at Kanpur
1855 – First Jute factory was est. at Rishra near Calcutta
1840 – First Sugar industry was set up in Betia (Bihar)
1832 – First paper mill in the country was set up at Serampore (Bengal) failed in 1870
1914 First successful cement plant was set up in Porbandar (Gujarat)
1956 – ONGC set up in India
1989 – Jawahar Rojgar Yojna
1994 – District primary education program
1999 – Gram Swarojgar Yojana
1995 – Mid day meal
1990 – Concept of HDI introduced by UNO
1999 – National Agriculture Scheme replacing crop insurance Scheme
1965 – FCI set up
1951 – Licensing Policy (Industrial Act)
1991 – Liberal Industrial Policy
1957 – Decimal Coinage System
1948 – First Industrial Policy of free India
1957 – Wealth Tax
1995 – WTO est
1945 – World Bank formed\
2005 – Special Economic Zone passed by Parliament
1966-69 – Plan holiday period
6 Aug 1952 – National Development Council est.
1952 – National forest policy issued
1904 – Co-operative Credit Organisation
1919 – Land development bank
7 Apr 1860 – Budget system introduced
1924 – Railway separated from Budget
26 Nov 1947 – Budget of Free India
1991 – Rupee devaluated two times
1949 – RBI Nationalised
1991 – Narshimham Committee
1975 – First regional rural bank
1627 or 1630 – Shivaji was born
1680 – Shivaji died
24 Feb 1730 – Battle of Karnal (Nadirsha Vs Mo. Shah) Nadir wins
1498 – Vascodigama reach India at Malabar Coast of Kalikat (King – Jamarin)
1961 – Alfanso – D – Albooker captured Goa from Bijapur state Which was in the captivatity of Bijapur till 1961
30 Dec 1600 – To do Business take permission from Queen
1608 – Est. of first factory at Surat (Britishers)
1668 – Britishers Takes Bombay in dowry from Portuguese
1698 – East India Co. takes Zamidari of Sutanati, Calicut and Govindpur village
1664 – Loui 14 prime minister Colbert takes Zamidari of Companygades Indies
1668 – Francis Cairo est. First french factory at Surat
788 – Shankracharya born at Kallnadi, Kerala
1486 – Chaitanya Mahaprabhu takes birth at Nadiya, West Bengal
15 Apr 1469 – Gurunanak born at Talwandi, Nanaksar in Pakistan
558 – 530 BC – Cyrus, (Founder of Persia empire) invaded India
522 – 486 BC – Darius (Persia) invaded
326 BC – Alexander (Greece) Invaded
483 BC – Ajatshatru patronised the first buddhist council
383 BC – Kalaashoka son of Shishunag Patronised second Buddhist council
321-18 5BC – The Maurayas
321-297 BC – Chandragupta Maurya
297-272 BC – Bindusara
272 BC – Ashoka became king
260 BC – Kalinga War
232 BC – Death of Ashoka
1837 – James princep deciphered the Ashoka inscription
400 BC – Panini wrote Astadhyayi which was book on Sanskrit grammer
21 March & 21 Sep – Equinoxes (equal day & night) Sun is  vertically overhead
21 June – Vertically overhed at Tropic of cancer (Summer Solitice) Longest day and shortest night in northern hemisphere
22 Dec – Vertically overhead at Tropic of Capricorn (Winter Solistice) Longest day & Shortest nigh in Southern hemisphere.
1947 – Rubber Board Est. Under Govt. of India Rubber Act located at Kottayam
1921 – The Industry based on railway equipment was est. a ‘Peninsular locomotive co.’ at Singhbhum dist. Jharkhand later it named TELCo (Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co.)
1941 – First Ship building factory of India est. at Vishakhapatnam
1952 – Ship factory adopted by Indian Government & named ‘Hindustan Shipyard Limited’
2 Oct 1961 – Shipping corp. of India, Mumbai est.
1948 – ‘Jal Usha’ first ship constructed fully in India
1972 – Est. Coachin Shipyard Limited
1976 – Est. of Dredging corp. of India Ltd (DSIL)
1819 – Hooghly Dock & Ports Engineering Ltd Kolkatta
1921 – Moplah revolt (Kerala)
1936 – First All India Kishan Sabha formed at Lucknow
1885 – Indian National Congress formation
1920 – Non Co-operation movement at the time of Lord Chelmsfort
12 march 1930 – Civil disobedience movement/ Dandi march at time of Lord Irwin
1919 –Rowlatt act
1 Sep 1942 – Azad Hind Established
1865 – High court established in calcutta, Bombay & Madras
1950 – Planning Commission constituted
1954 – Lalit Kala academy est.


Saturday 2 July 2016

Longest,Largest,Highest in India

The Longest River
The Ganga (2525km)
The Longest Canal
Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan)
The Longest Dam
Hirakud Dam (Odisha)
The Largest Lake
Wular Lake (Jammu & Kashmir)
The highest Dam
Tehri dam (Uttarakhand)
The highest Waterfall
Jog or Gersoppa (Karnataka)
The State with longest Coastline
Gujarat
The longest Sea Bridge

The longest Road
Grand Trunk Road (Kolkata to Delhi)
The highest Pass (मार्ग )
Road at Khardungla (in Leh-Manali Sector)
The highest Airport
Leh Airport (Ladakh)
The largest Desert
Thar (Rajasthan)
The largest Delta
Sunderbans (West Bengal)
The largest Zoo

The tallest TV tower

The highest Peak
Kangchenjunga
The largest Mosque
Jama Masjid
The tallest Statue
Gomateswara (Karnataka)
The oldest Church
St Thoma Church at Palayoor, Trichur (Kerala)

UNESCO World Heritage Sites of India

Year of Inclusion
Sites
1983
Ajanta Caves (Maharashtra)
1983
Ellora Caves (Maharashtra)
1983
Taj Mahal (Uttar Pradesh)
1983
Agra Fort (Uttar Pradesh)
1984
Sun Temple, Konark (Odisha)
1985
Mahabalipuram Temples (Tamil Nadu)
1985
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Asom
1985
Kaziranga National Park, Bharatpur (Asom)
1985
Keoladeo National park, Bharatpur (Rajasthan)
1986
Khajuraho Temples (Madhya Pradesh)
1986
Hampi Temples (Karnataka)
1987
Sundarbans National Park (West Bengal)
1987
Brihadiswara Temple (Thanjavur-TN)
1987
Elephanta Caves (Maharashtra)
1987
Pattadakal Temples (Karnataka)
1988
Nanda Devi National Park (Uttarakhand)
1989
Sanchi Stupa(Madhya Pradesh)
1993
Qutub Minar (Delhi)
1999
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (West Bengal)
2002
Mahabodhi Temple (Bodh Gaya) (Bihar)
2003
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (Madhya Pradesh)

2004
Victoria Terminus (CST), Mumbai
2004
Airavatesvara Temple, Darasuram (Tamil Nadu)
2004
Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park(Gujarat)
2005
Nilgiri Mountain Railway (Tamil Nadu)
2007
Red Fort (Delhi)
2008
Kalka-Shimla Railway (Himachal Pradesh)
2010
Jantar Mantar, Jaipur (Rajasthan)

Superlatives World (The Largest, Biggest, Smallest, Longest, Highest)

Airport
Largest-King Abdul Khalid International Airport (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
Highest-Bangda Airport, Tibet (Now in China)
Bay
Largest-Hudson Bay, Canada
Building
Tallest-Burj Khalifa, Dubai (828m)
Building
Tallest(Office)-Petronas Twin Towers, Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia)
Canal
Longest (Big-Ship)- Suez canal (linking Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea)
Busiest (Ship)-Baltic White Sea Canal
Continent
Smallest-Australia
Largest-Asia
Coral formation
Largest-The Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
Corridor
Longest-Rameshwaram Temple’s Corridor
Country
Largest (in area))-Russia
Highest-Tibet (The Pamirs)
Largest (in population)-China
Day
Longest-21 June (in Northern Hemisphere)
Shortest-22 December (in Southern Hemisphere)
Delta
Largest-Sunderbans, India
Democracy
Largest-India
Desert
Largest-Sahara, Africa
Diamond
Largest-The Cullinan (Over 1.5 lb)
Largest (Mine)-Kimberley (South Africa)
Gulf
Longest-Gulf of Mexico
Island
 Largest-Greenland (renamed Kalaallit Nunaat)
Lake
Deepest-Baikal (Siberia)
Highest- Titicaca (Bolivia)
Largest (Fresh Water)-Lake Superior, USA
Largest (Artificial)-Lake Mead (Bouler)
Minar (Free standing)
Tallest-Qutub Minar, Delhi (238 ft)
Mosque
Largest-Jama Masjid, Delhi
Mountain Peak (World)
Highest-Mt Everest (Nepal)
Mountain Range
Longest-Andes CS America
Highest-Himalayas
Museum
Biggest-British Museum (London)
Ocean
Deepest and Biggest-The Pacific
Peninsula
Largest-Arabia
Palce
Coldest-Verkhoyansk (Siberia).
Hottest-Al-Aziziyah (Libya, Africa).
Driest-Death Valley (California)
River
Longest-Nile (6690 km)
Largest (Basin)-Amazon Basin
Sea (Inland)
Largest-Mediterranean
Stadium
Largest-Strahov Stadium in Prague (the Czech Republic)
Statue
Tallest-Spring Temple Buddha, China
Volcano
Largest-Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
Highest-Ojos del Salado, Andes, Argentine-Chile (6885 m)
Waterfall
Highest-Salto Angel Falls (Venezuela)