Biology Introduction & CELL (Biology)

                                             

Biology is the branch of Science that deals with study of life.

Greek :(Bios- life, Logos - Study)

Aristotle was the first person to study the animals in detail and he is called the father of Biology.

Biology consists of two branches Zoology and Botany.

Study of Animals - Zoology
Study of Plants- Botany

Founders of some major branches of biology-

Subject	Father
Father of Botany	Theophrastus
Father of Zoology	Aristotle
Father of Biology	Aristotle
Father of Modern Botany	Linnaeus
Father of Genetics	Mendel
Father of Modern Genetics	TH Morgan
Father of	Peter De-cresenji
Father of Endocrinology	Thomas Addison
Father of Immunology	Edward Jenner
Father of Cytology	Robert Hooke
Father of Biodiversity	EO Wilson
Father of Palynology	Erdtman
Father of Mycology	Micheli
Father of Indian Forestry	Sir Dietrich Brandis
Father of Plant Physiology	Stephan Hales
Father of Gene Therapy	Anderson
Father of Indian Paleobotany	Birbal Sahani
Father of Gene Therapy	Anderson
Father of Surgery and Plastic Surgery	Susruta
Father of Anatomy	Herophilus
Father of Ethology	Konard Lorentz
Father of Cloning	Ian Willmut
Father of Chemotherapy	Paul Ehrlich
Father of Eugenics	Francis Galton
Father of Bryology	Johann Hedwig
Father of Indian Ecology	R Mishra
Father of Mutation	Hugo De Vries
Father of Indian Phycology	OP Iyengar
Father of Genetic Engineering	Paul Berg
Father of Ayurveda	Charka
Father of Polio Vaccine	Jonas Salk
Father of Taxonomy	Carolus Linnaeus
Father of Embryology	Aristotle
Father of Microscopy	Marcello Malpighi
Father of Blood Circulation	William Harvey
Father of Medicine	Hippocrates
Father of Blood Groups	Karl Landsteiner
Father of Radiation Genetics	HJ Muller
Father of Palaentology	Leonardo da Vinci
Father of Flistology	Francis Bichet
Father of DNA Finger Printing	Garrod
Father of ATP Cycle	Lipmann
Father of Stress Physiology	Hans Selye
Father of Gerontology	Korenchevsk
Father of Bacteriology	Robert Koch
Father of Antibiotics	Alexander Fleming
Father of Pathology	Rudolph Virchow
Father of Virology	WM Stanley
Father of Epidemiology	John Snow
Father of Indian Green Revolution	MS. Swaminathan
Father of Homeopathy	Hahnemann
Father of Green Revolution	Norman Borlaug

Major Branches of Biology-

Microbiology- Deals with Microbes

Virology- Deals with Virus

Bacteriology- Bacteria

Mycology- Fungi

Entomology- Insects

Ichthyology- Fishes

Ophiology- Snakes

Herpetology- Reptiles

Phycology- Algae

Arachnology- Spiders

Myrmecology- Ants

                   The Cell (कोशिका)

The Idea , That All animals and plant are consist of structural units was given by Aristotle.(348-322 B.C).

Many centuries later Robert Hooke (1665) used the word Cell.

Later in 1674 Leeuwenhoek also discovered the free cell and observed some organisation with in these cells.

Two Scientists M.I. Schleiden and German Zoologist T.Schwann clearly outlined the basic feature of the cell theory in 1839.

Later R.Virchow in 1858 extended the cell theory and suggested the additional feature that all living cell arises from pre-existing cells.
 later Louis Pastuer, in France gave experimental evidence to support Virchow's extension of the cell theory.

Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life .

Cell is classified in to two types:

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

If we talk about prokaryotic , It lacks a True Nucleus Eg. Bacteria , and Blue green Algae etc
While Eukaryotes included Higher Organism.

In prokaryotes  Organelles Eg. (Nucleus,Mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum etc) are not found.

But in Eukaryotes it is present.

In prokaryotes the RNA and protein synthesis takes palace in same compartment,

 But in Eukaryotes RNA synthesized in the nucleus ; protein synthesis in cytoplasm.

In Prokaryotes Metabolism Eg. Anaerobic/aerobic.

In Eukaryotes Metabolism is Aerobic.
                           Cell size
Largest cell is Egg of ostrich.
Smallest cell is Mycoplasma (Bacteria).
Longest cell is Nerve cell.
Largest human cell ovum cell.
Smallest human cell is Sperm cell.

        Cell Organelles

Mitochondria is called Power House of cell.

Lysosome is called suicidal bag of cell.

Ribosomes are called protein factory.

when Ribosomes are attached with Rough ER, Protein synthesis takes place.