Banking History

 
Banking  History

·         Before the Money system was Evolved ,the earliest people used barter system .

·         Later the money system came into existence in the form of coin , paper and became the medium of exchange of the goods and services in very Efficient way that provide transferability and divisibility that makes trading efficient .

·         Whereas barter system was not efficient and lacked transferability and divisibility that makes trading inefficient.

·         Barter system was not efficient and was confusing so colonist used commodity money to solve the problem. They used beaver pelts and dried corn as currency for transactions, they choose this for  various reasons because it is dried , durable , potable , and can be easily stored.

·         If somebody has money he will lend the money on interest but in some religion it is strictly prohibited  In Islam usury is called Riba (Arabic) is strictly prohibited , the holy Quran strictly prohibited lending money on Interest.

·         In Christianity the charging of interest known as usury was banned by Christian church.

What is Bank?

·         A Bank is a basically financial institution which accepts different forms of deposits and lend them to coming borrowers as well as allows the depositors to withdraw their money from the accounts by cheque etc.

·         The first Central bank of the world was the Swedish Riksbank , founded in 1668 (short lived).

·         The first bank to begin the permanent issue of bank notes was the Bank of England (1695).

·         The first overdraft facility was setup in 1728 by the Royal Bank of Scotland.

Banking History in India

·         The first bank in India under European management was set up 1770 as a bank of Hindustan in Calcutta , which was liquidated in 1830-1832.

·         The General Bank of India is established in 1786 but failed in 1791.

·         In 1806 the Bank of Calcutta formed but in 1809 it renamed as Bank of Bengal, in 1840 Bank of Bombay was established and in 1843 the Bank of Madras was established , these three banks was founded by presidency government.

·         These presidency Banks merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India which was run by European share holders .

·         After Independence  in 1955 the Imperial Bank of India was nationalized and given the name State Bank of India.

·         By the SBI act 1959, the seven associated banks were kept under the control of  SBI in 1960.

·         On July 19^th 1969 the Indian Government Nationalized 14 major banks.

(1). Central bank of India.

(2). Bank of Maharashtra.

(3). Dena bank.

(4). Bank of India.

(5). United commercial bank.

(6). United bank of India.

(7). Allahabad bank.

(8). Union bank.

(9). Bank of Baroda.

(10). Canara bank.

(11). Punjab National bank.

(12). Syndicate bank.

(13). Indian bank.

(14). Indian overseas bank.

·         In 1980 , another six private banks were Nationalized with deposits over 200 Cr.

·         Central bank of India(1911) is the bank which was completely owned by Indians.